What makes an airplane fly? this is how it takeoff

However, it is not so easy to explain or understand how an airplane flies but I have tried to explain in the easiest way and without any mathematical equation.

 

 There are two theories that answer what makes airplanes fly.

In short, 1st theory says that airplane push air downwards and due to Newton's third law (action-reaction) airplane is also pushed upwards.

                                 The second theory says that pressure below the wings of the airplane is more which pushes the airplane upwards.

There's something more to learn below.

1. Newton's third law of motion(Action-Reaction)

    There are two most important thing in an airplane that makes it fly, see in the figure below.

Part B (engines of an airplane) makes the airplane run in the forward direction before liftoff, which makes air move backward with respect to part A (wings)of the airplane.

           part A has some movable portions.

See the fig below.

fig X represents the back portion of wings in a normal state and fig Y shows a diagram of wings at the time of liftoff. The wing looks more curved in fig Y (at the time of liftoff), which forces air to go downward, and due to action-reaction (Newton's third law), the airplane is forced upward.

2. Bernoulli's principle

    The air above the wings of an airplane flows faster than the air below the wings due to which pressure is more below and less above the wing. You can understand using the fig given below.

Since the pressure is more below wings therefore wings are pushed upwards.

However, 2nd theory is a very controversial theory as it is not correctly proved why the speed of air is more above the wings of an airplane. 

Conclusion

1. Airplane pushes air downwards which also pushes airplane upwards due to action-reaction.

2. Pressure is more below the wings of an airplane than above so it is pushed upwards.

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